exploring-edge-perf
  1. ModalAI module reference
  • Research notebooks
  • Theoretical LLM TPS on IQ-9075, Jetson, and NVIDIA GPUs
  • 3D photo reconstruction / indoor navigation research notes
  • Autonomous indoor drone navigation / capture research notes
  • 04_ref_matrials.html
  • NVIDIA Isaac ecosystem research notes
  • ModalAI VOXL 2 Mini research notes
  • Flight compute and competing ecosystems
  • ModalAI module reference
  • The Pixhawk ecosystem
  • ROS, from zero
  • VIO and SLAM
  • Navigation and exploration
  • Drone platforms

On this page

  • Compute and autopilot
  • Image sensors
    • Tracking (VIO input)
    • Stereo
    • High resolution — all rolling shutter
  • Depth, thermal, illumination
  • Interposers, flexes, adapters
  • ESC and motor IO
  • Modems, radios, expansion
  • Debug, breakout, and oddities

ModalAI module reference

Part-number lookup for the ModalAI catalogue, supporting the VOXL 2 Mini notes. Everything a build touches is an M00xx board, and the numbers are the only reliable identifier — the marketing names collide (three different boards are called simply “VOXL 2”).

Compiled 2026-07-31 from the live PCB catalog and the per-board datasheet pages: 85 distinct part numbers, of which 73 are current and 54 have a dedicated page at docs.modalai.com/<part number>/.

The What it is column adds integration context: direct VOXL 2/Mini fit, required carrier or flex, software role, and reasons not to choose a legacy part. Electrical compatibility alone is insufficient for MIPI cameras; a published driver, kernel variant, and camera configuration are also required.

Four things worth knowing before using the catalog:

  • The catalog table is stale. 19 boards have live datasheet pages but do not appear in it at all — including M0135, M0149, M0161, M0166, M0169, M0178, M0186, M0187, M0189 and M0195, which is most of the current sensor and adapter line. Search the docs by part number instead of trusting the table.
  • 2D drawings are rare. The thumbnails in the 2D column link to full-size copies kept in images/modalai/, converted from the ModalAI drawing PDFs or copied from the docs site. Where no drawing is published, three-view hidden-line projections (top / bottom / edge) rendered here from the part’s STEP file stand in — board outline, mounting holes, connectors and silkscreen are accurate, but there are no dimensions and assemblies may include a mating connector or lens. A blank cell means neither exists.
  • Prices are snapshots. Unqualified links are current ModalAI listings; AMOV marks a current exact-SKU AMOV RobotLab reseller listing, while ModalAI archive is the last manufacturer-store capture found and is not a current offer. All amounts are USD, checked 2026-08-06 (archives carry their capture month), before tax and shipping. A single amount is the cheapest exact-part configuration found; qualifiers distinguish board, carrier, kit, EOL, or sold-out stock. A range means configuration options change the price. — means no standalone exact-part public price was found after checking the manufacturer feed/store, distributor catalogs, docs buy links, web search, and the Internet Archive; successor and bundle prices are not substituted.
  • Weights are inconsistent. Some are bare PCB, some include cables or lids (M0030 is listed as “8.24g / 14g with modem + lid”). Treat them as indicative.

Compute and autopilot

Part What it is Price Weight 2D
M0104 VOXL 2 Mini — QRB5165 compute + PX4 DSP flight controller; 3.8 V, four camera slots, no PWM $1,169.99
board; ModalAI archive 2024-05
11.0 g M0104 2D drawing
M0054 VOXL 2 — QRB5165 compute + PX4 DSP flight controller; 5 V, six camera slots, legacy/high-speed B2B expansion $2,040.00
board; AMOV
16 g M0054-2d M0054-2d-2
M0154 VOXL 2 later revision — software-compatible M0054 successor; J10 gains Mini-style UART/SPI selection $1,299.99
board
16 g M0154-cad-top M0154-cad-bottom M0154-cad-edge
M0204 VOXL 2 Mini refresh — M0104 successor; camera reset/global-sync routing changed, so carrier and kernel details matter $1,249.99
board
M0087 Flight Core v2 — standalone STM32H7/PX4 controller with dual IMUs and eight PWM outputs; pair with separate companion compute $199.99
board; ModalAI archive 2025-12
6 g M0087-cad-top M0087-cad-bottom M0087-cad-edge
M0018 Flight Core v1 — legacy standalone PX4 controller; relevant only to older split compute/flight-controller builds $391.00
board; AMOV
6.13 g M0018-cad-top M0018-cad-bottom M0018-cad-edge
M0052 Qualcomm Flight RB5 carrier — larger QRB5165 reference flight platform; predecessor, not a Mini accessory — 24.87 g M0052-2d
M0006 VOXL 1 — APQ8096 companion computer from the older 5 V generation; superseded by QRB5165 boards $850.00
board; AMOV
16.51 g M0006-cad-top M0006-cad-bottom M0006-cad-edge
M0019 VOXL Flight — legacy VOXL 1-class compute plus Flight Core on one carrier; superseded by VOXL 2 $1,020.00
board; AMOV
24.5 g M0019-cad-top M0019-cad-bottom M0019-cad-edge
M0068 / M0069 Part-availability respins of M0006 / M0019; legacy generation, not new VOXL 2/Mini choices —

Image sensors

Tracking (VIO input)

Part Sensor Price Weight 2D
M0014 OV7251 640x480 mono global-shutter fisheye — classic qVIO camera; legacy AXT connection needs a VOXL 2/Mini adapter $170.00
sensor + flex; AMOV
0.51 g M0014-2d
M0072 OV7251 640x480 mono global-shutter fisheye — M0014/MD102A replacement; AXT adapter required on VOXL 2/Mini $119.00
AMOV
0.38 g M0072-2d
M0149 AR0144 1280x800 mono global-shutter 166° fisheye — current qVIO/tracking choice; AXT via M0076/M0084/M0135 $119.99 M0149-2d
M0166 AR0144 1280x800 global-shutter coax camera — flexible placement and optional IR cut; needs a coax carrier such as M0172/M0195 $139.99–149.99 M0166-cad-top M0166-cad-bottom M0166-cad-edge
M0091 OV9281 tracking sensor — undocumented catalog item; no clear supported Mini integration path — 2.13 g

Stereo

Part Sensor Price Weight 2D
M0015 Dual OV7251 mono global-shutter module — fixed-baseline stereo/depth; AXT adapter chain required on VOXL 2/Mini $170.00
sensor kit; AMOV
0.41 g M0015-2d
M0073 OV9782 1280x800 RGB global shutter with IR-cut — stereo-flex compatible, but not recommended for new designs — 0.53 g
M0113 OV9782 1280x800 RGB global shutter without IR-cut — infrared-sensitive sibling of M0073; not recommended for new designs — M0113-2d
M0088 OV9782 variant — undocumented; avoid for a new build without ModalAI-confirmed driver and flex support — 0.68 g

High resolution — all rolling shutter

Part Sensor Price Weight 2D
M0025 IMX214 13 MP rolling-shutter compact module — 4K30 capture; legacy AXT, so VOXL 2/Mini needs an adapter $119.00
sensor; AMOV
0.83 g
M0024 IMX214 13 MP rolling-shutter module in larger housing — 4K30 capture; legacy AXT adapter chain $119.00
sensor; AMOV
3.79 g M0024-2d
M0026 IMX377 M12 wide-angle rolling-shutter module — legacy and undocumented; poor choice for a new Mini capture path $153.00
sensor; AMOV
8.57 g
M0107 IMX412 12.3 MP rolling-shutter RGB — 4K30, swappable M12 lens; AXT adapter required on VOXL 2/Mini $179.99–229.99
ModalAI archive 2025-08
7.5 g M0107-cad-top M0107-cad-bottom M0107-cad-edge
M0161 IMX412 12.3 MP rolling-shutter coax camera — up to 4K60; strong capture option but needs M0155/M0172/M0195-class carrier $209.99–259.99 M0161-cad-top M0161-cad-bottom M0161-cad-edge
M0186 IMX664 4.1 MP rolling-shutter coax camera — low-light, wide-FOV video up to 120 fps; needs a coax carrier $229.99–259.99 M0186-cad-top M0186-cad-bottom M0186-cad-edge

Depth, thermal, illumination

Part What it is Price Weight 2D
M0169 PMD IRS2975C indirect-ToF depth camera — 240x180, roughly 4-6 m; legacy AXT plus external 5 V makes Mini integration cumbersome $199.99
EOL; sold out
M0169-cad-top M0169-cad-bottom M0169-cad-edge
M0178 IRS2975C indirect-ToF module with integrated high-current 5 V feed — uses the newer 40-pin chain via M0172/M0173; Mini support docs conflict, so verify the exact camera config $199.99 M0178-cad-top M0178-cad-bottom M0178-cad-edge
M0189 Mini-specific VL53L8CX multizone rangefinder — 4x4/8x8 I2C depth, up to 4 m; connects through M0188/M0195 and voxl-mini-tof-server, not the MIPI camera pipeline $44.99–54.99
M0040 PMD IRS1645 indirect-ToF camera — 224x171, roughly 4-6 m; EOL, replaced by the IRS2975C/M0178 path $340.00
sensor kit; AMOV
0.59 g M0040-2d
M0070 VL53L1CX single-zone rangefinder board — useful for altitude/proximity, not a depth image; legacy undocumented item — 0.13 g
M0187 FLIR Lepton SPI/I2C adapter — requires M0173/M0188/M0195 host carrier and SDK 1.4+; the Lepton core is separate — M0187-cad-top M0187-cad-bottom M0187-cad-edge
M0153 FLIR Boson+ MIPI adapter — works on VOXL 2/Mini only through an additional coax carrier; SDK currently documents 30 fps and requires prior USB configuration —
M0089 IR LED illuminator/driver — undocumented catalog item; no direct VOXL 2/Mini software role established —

Interposers, flexes, adapters

The part of the catalogue that quietly decides the mechanical layout.

Connector families, since the part descriptions assume familiarity with them:

  • DF40 — Hirose 60-pin, 0.4 mm pitch (DF40C-60DP-0.4V(51)). The camera ports on VOXL 2 and the Mini, J6 and J7. Each carries two camera “groups”.
  • AXT — Panasonic P4S board-to-board, 36-pin (AXT336124 board side, AXT436124 mating). The image-sensor connector on VOXL 1 and VOXL Flight, and still the format most sensor modules and flexes terminate in.

“DF40C to AXT” adapters therefore exist to bridge generations: they break one group of signals (CSI lanes, timers, resets) out of a 60-pin DF40 port into a 36-pin AXT connector. M0084 is the Y-variant that fans one port out to two sensors.

Part What it is Price Weight 2D
M0076 DF40-to-AXT rigid adapter — exposes one lower camera slot for legacy AXT sensors; simplest one-camera bridge on VOXL 2/Mini $19.99
EOL stock
0.59 g M0076-2d M0076-2d-2
M0084 DF40-to-dual-AXT 125 mm Y-flex — exposes both upper/lower camera slots from one J6/J7 group; useful for tracking/stereo layouts $69.99
EOL stock
1.52 g M0084-2d M0084-2d-2
M0135 Rigid dual-image-sensor adapter for VOXL 2/Mini — exposes both CSI slots from one DF40 camera group; alternative to the M0084 flex $29.99 M0135-cad-top M0135-cad-bottom M0135-cad-edge
M0172 Mixed camera-group adapter for VOXL 2/Mini — lower slot drives the M0178 ToF chain, upper slot accepts coax tracking/hires cameras $39.99 M0172-cad-top M0172-cad-bottom M0172-cad-edge
M0155 Single micro-coax camera adapter for VOXL 2/Mini J6/J7 — simple path for M0161/M0166/M0186, but exposes only one sensor $29.99 M0155-cad-top M0155-cad-bottom M0155-cad-edge
M0195 Mini-only dense imager front end — coax tracking/hires/Boson, dual Lepton and I2C ToF breakout; requires the D0013 kernel/config and is tied closely to M0204 $89.99
M0109 VOXL 2 camera-group J-flex — routes a DF40 group to two sensor connectors; documentation is pinout-only, so use only with a proven camera configuration —
M0010 AXT-to-dual-24-pin stereo flex with fixed 80 mm baseline — for M0015/M0073/M0113; add a DF40 adapter on VOXL 2/Mini $49.99 0.87 g M0010-2d
M0039 AXT-to-dual-24-pin stereo flex with fixed 218 mm baseline — wider depth geometry, but mechanically large for a Mini airframe $89.99
flex only
M0039-cad-top M0039-cad-bottom M0039-cad-edge
M0036 145 mm AXT camera extension — legacy sensor placement option after a DF40 adapter; fixed flex length constrains the airframe $49.99
EOL stock
0.62 g M0036-2d M0036-2d-2
M0074 60 mm AXT camera extension — shorter legacy placement option after a DF40 adapter $49.99
EOL stock
0.35 g M0074-2d M0074-2d-2
M0008 Legacy 75 mm AXT-to-24-pin image-sensor interposer — VOXL 1-era bridge, not a direct VOXL 2/Mini connection $49.99
EOL stock
0.8 g M0008-2d
M0061 FRAMOS FSM camera carrier, sold with IMX412 or IMX678 rolling-shutter sensors — 4K capture through legacy AXT, so VOXL 2/Mini needs a DF40 adapter $595.00
camera kit; AMOV
2.29 g M0061-cad-top M0061-cad-bottom M0061-cad-edge
M0042 FRAMOS IMX296 global-shutter carrier — legacy/undocumented integration; confirm driver and adapter support before using with VOXL 2/Mini — 2.27 g
M0064 Early DF40-to-AXT adapter — superseded by the power-corrected M0076; do not select for a new VOXL 2/Mini build —
M0173 Starling 2 camera front end — full VOXL 2 only; combines four coax cameras, PMD ToF and Lepton/rangefinder connections with synchronized tracking $79.99
board
M0173-cad-top M0173-cad-bottom M0173-cad-edge

Stereo baselines and extension lengths come only in the sizes above. A custom camera placement means a custom flex, not a config change.

ESC and motor IO

The QRB5165 has no PWM output, so motor drive is a board-selection decision rather than a wiring detail.

Part What it is Price Weight 2D
M0129 Mini 4-in-1 UART ESC — current M0129-63 accepts 2S-6S and supplies the Mini’s fixed 3.8 V rail; native J19 motor control plus battery/RPM telemetry $229.99
Mini
M0129-2d
M0049 Earlier 4-in-1 UART/PWM ESC rev B — compatible with ModalAI’s PX4 ESC driver, but does not replace the Mini’s separate 3.8 V supply $199.00
kit; ModalAI archive 2021-09
10.28 g M0049-cad-top M0049-cad-bottom M0049-cad-edge
M0117 Alternate/respin of the M0049 4-in-1 UART ESC — seen in full VOXL 2 vehicle stacks; not the compact Mini power-and-ESC solution $340.00
kit; AMOV
10.28 g
M0138 High-current FPV 4-in-1 ESC — UART only, roughly 40 A continuous / 100 A burst per motor; choose a 3.8 V-output variant if it must power a Mini $299.99 M0138-2d
M0134 4-in-1 UART/PWM ESC — 2S-6S option, about 10 A+ continuous per channel; its 500 mA auxiliary rail cannot power a Mini $199.99–249.99
kit; ModalAI archive 2024-07
M0134-2d
M0065 VOXL 2 IO coprocessor — converts the board’s UART/PX4IO link to PWM; only four outputs at 400 Hz are currently supported and there is no DShot $99.99
board
3.85 g M0065-2d
M0022 Passive PWM header breakout for Flight Core/VOXL 2 IO — exposes existing PWM signals; it cannot create PWM from a VOXL 2/Mini by itself $14.99 4.17 g M0022-cad-top M0022-cad-bottom M0022-cad-edge

Modems, radios, expansion

Part What it is Price Weight 2D
M0213 Sparrow dual-band 802.11ac 2x2 Wi-Fi add-on with 3.3 V legacy I/O and fastboot switch; Bluetooth is not yet supported. Docs claim Mini support, but the host is a 60-pin B2B, so verify the Mini carrier/revision $239.99
M0183 Full VOXL 2 stacking board — mini-PCIe, one USB3, two USB2, microSD, SPI and apps UART/I2C; mates J3/J5 and therefore does not fit the Mini directly —
M0030 Full VOXL/VOXL 2 B2B LTE Cat-4 carrier with Sierra modem and two USB2 host ports; no direct Mini stack connection $425.00–510.00
carrier / modem; AMOV
8.24 g bare, 14 g loaded M0030-cad-top M0030-cad-bottom M0030-cad-edge
M0048 Legacy/full-board Microhard pDDL carrier with LAN7500 Ethernet and USB hub; high power draw and B2B mechanics make it a poor Mini fit $199.99 14.81 g M0048-cad-top M0048-cad-bottom M0048-cad-edge
M0059 Later Microhard pMDDL900/1621/4 carrier for long-range IP datalink; full-board B2B accessory, not a direct Mini module — M0059-cad-top M0059-cad-bottom M0059-cad-edge
M0090 Full VOXL 2 M.2 B-key 5G modem carrier with nano-SIM and USB3; stacks on J3/J5, so Mini use requires a separate USB/power integration $269.99
carrier
12.8 g M0090-cad-top M0090-cad-bottom M0090-cad-edge
M0067 Earlier 5G carrier/debug revision — full VOXL 2/RB5 mechanical path; M0090 is the cleaner documented carrier — 13.22 g M0067-2d

Debug, breakout, and oddities

Part What it is Price Weight 2D
M0062 Full VOXL 2 Ethernet/USB/debug expansion — adds storage, SPI/UART/I2C and recovery access through both B2B connectors; no direct Mini fit $259.99 15.46 g M0062-cad-top M0062-cad-bottom M0062-cad-edge
M0078 USB2 host + optional serial/fastboot debug board for VOXL/VOXL 2; EOL in favor of M0151 and mechanically irrelevant to the Mini $85.00
kit; AMOV
3.14 g M0078-2d
M0017 First-generation VOXL USB/debug/fastboot board — EOL legacy B2B accessory, not for VOXL 2 Mini $49.00
kit; ModalAI archive 2022-06
4.83 g M0017-cad-top M0017-cad-bottom M0017-cad-edge
M0125 Full VOXL 2 B2B breakout exposing apps UART and USB3; the Mini already exposes comparable J10/J3 ports and cannot stack it directly $85.00–102.00
board / cables; AMOV
M0125-cad-top M0125-cad-bottom M0125-cad-edge
M0197 FPV VOXL platform with first-class HITL support — real apps processor + DSP PX4 driven from Gazebo over USB Ethernet; reference for simulation bridging, not a Mini add-on —
M0034 Mechanical tray/carrier for the legacy VOXL Flight Deck stack; no electrical function and no Mini role —
M0046 ICM-42688 IMU breakout — bring-up/test hardware, not required by VOXL 2/Mini because their flight stack already has onboard IMUs —
M0045 Passive horizontal UART splitter — legacy harness convenience; verify voltage and ownership before attaching to a Mini UART —
M0086 Chirp ultrasonic-sensor adapter for Qualcomm Flight RB5; platform-specific legacy accessory with no Mini path — 3 g
M0094 Spektrum RC bind/interface board used in RB5/VOXL 2 vehicle assemblies; unnecessary for ELRS/SBUS and not a direct Mini accessory $204.00–323.00
kit / receiver; AMOV
M0038 / M0085 Generation-1 VOXL mezzanines for stereo/IMU/tracking and FLIR/RGB LED; legacy stack mechanics, superseded by VOXL 2/Mini camera carriers — 5.65 / 5.91 g

End of life or not in production: M0007, M0009, M0011, M0012, M0013, M0016, M0027, M0047, M0092, M0093. The live catalog does contain the M0041 power module family, but only its 5 V M0041-1 and M0041-5 configurations. It omits the Mini’s 3.8 V assembly, whose exact current store SKU is MDK-M0041-4-00 — $79.99. The generic Power Module v3 datasheet is also stale and lists only older 5 V part numbers.

The docs site source is also in the local checkout at voxl/documentation/ (docs/60-expansion-boards/99-pcb-catalog.md), and lags the live site — the discrepancy is where the 19 missing catalog entries show up.